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''Ficus rubiginosa'', commonly known as the rusty- or Port Jackson fig (''damun'' in the Sydney language) is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae that is native to eastern Australia. It is a banyan of the genus ''Ficus'' which contains around 750 species worldwide in warm climates, including the common fig (''Ficus carica''). ''Ficus rubiginosa'' can grow to high and nearly as wide with a buttressed trunk, and glossy green leaves. Known as a syconium, the fruit is an inverted inflorescence with the flowers lining an internal cavity. ''Ficus rubiginosa'' is pollinated the fig wasp species ''Pleistodontes imperialis''. Many species of bird, including pigeons, parrots and various passerines, eat the fruit. The range is along the east coast from Queensland, through to Bega in southern New South Wales in rainforest margins and rocky outcrops. It is used as a shade tree in parks and public spaces, and is well-suited for use as an indoor plant or in bonsai. ==Taxonomy== The Port Jackson fig was described by French botanist René Louiche Desfontaines, from a type specimen whose locality is documented as "New Holland". In searching for the type specimen, Dale Dixon found one from the herbarium of Desfontaines at Florence Herbarium and one from Ventenat's herbarium at Geneva. As Ventenat had used Desfontaines' name Dixon selected the Florence specimen to be the type.〔 The specific epithet ''rubiginosa'' related to the rusty coloration of the undersides of the leaves. Indeed, ''rusty fig'' is an alternate common name; others include ''Illawarra fig'' and ''Port Jackson fig''.〔 It was known as ''damun'' (pron. "tam-mun") to the local Eora and Darug inhabitants of the Sydney basin. In 1806, German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow gave it the name ''Ficus australis'' in ''Species Plantarum'', but is a ''nomen illegitimum'' as the species already had a validly published name.〔 In a study published in 2008, Nina Rønsted and colleagues analysed the DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacers (ITS and ETS), and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3pdh) region, in the first molecular analysis of the section ''Malvanthera''. They found ''F. rubiginosa'' to be most closely related to the rainforest species ''F. watkinsiana'' and two lithophytic species of arid northern Australia (''F. atricha'' and ''F. brachypoda'') and classified it in a new series ''Rubiginosae'' in the subsection ''Platypodeae''. Relationships are unclear and it is uncertain which direction the group radiated (into rainforest or into arid Australia). Several subspecies have been described, var. ''lucida'' by Maiden in 1902, var. ''variegata'' by Guilfoyle in 1911, and var. ''glabrescens'' by Frederick Manson Bailey in 1913.〔 Both Maiden and Bailey had diagnosed their subspecies on the basis of hairlessness of the forms. Maiden's described a form totally devoid of hair while Bailey described his as nearly glabrous (hairless). As Bailey's description more closely matched Dixon's findings (that these variants were only partly and not completely hairless), Dale Dixon retained Bailey's subspecies name and reclassified it as ''Ficus rubiginosa'' forma ''glabrecens'' in 2001 as it differed only in the lack of hairs on new growth from the nominate form.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ficus rubiginosa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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